目次
“...Machine generated contents note: List of Sidebars and Timelines -- Prologue -- Chapter 1: The Study of Us -- Overview -- Cultural Anthropology and General Anthropology -- The Species Known as "Us" -- The Four Fields -- Cultural Anthropology -- Ethnography and Participant Observation -- Ethnology -- Ethnohistory -- Enculturation and Cultural Relativism -- Physical Anthropology -- Studying Human Origins and Evolution -- What New Fossils Say -- What Genes Can Tell Us -- Anthropological Archaeology -- Linguistic Anthropology -- Holism and the Four Fields -- Culture and change -- Anthropology and Related Disciplines -- Summary -- Chapter 2: Sociocultural Universals -- Overview -- Eleven Universals --
Sociality -- Concepts of Human Relatedness -- The Capacity for Culture -- Cumulative Culture -- The Capacity for Language -- Animal Communication -- Attributes of Language -- Transmission of Culture: Enculturation and Diffusion -- Religion and Art -- Rules Governing Behavior -- The Notion of Taboo -- The Incest Taboo -- Ethnocentrism -- Sex and Gender -- Age Categories -- Economy and Exchange -- Reciprocity -- Thinking about and Classifying the Environment -- Basic Color Terms -- Names for Flora and Fauna -- Summary -- Chapter 3: Cultural Variation -- Overview -- Variation in Key Cultural Institutions -- Naming Practices -- Kinds of Names -- Name Sharing -- The Life Cycle -- Birth Rites -- Rites of Initiation -- Sodalities and Hazing -- Diverse Taboos -- Food Taboos -- Contact and Verbal Taboos -- Enculturation in Different Societies -- Manifestations of Ethnocentrism -- Race and Racism -- Variation on Gender -- Religious Beliefs and Organizations -- Animism and Totemism -- Individualistic Religious Behavior -- Communal Religious Behavior -- Shamanic Religious Behavior -- Ecclesiastical Religious Behavior -- Cosmologies and Explanations of the Unknown -- Economic Variation -- Redistribution -- Taxation -- Diversity of Emic Classifications -- Summary -- Chapter 4: Where Anthropology Comes From -- Overview -- The Eighteenth Century -- The Enlightenment in Europe and North America -- The Nineteenth Century -- Charles Darwin (1809-1882) -- Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) -- Karl Marx (1818-1883) -- Museums -- The Early Twentieth Century -- Franz Boas (1858-1942) and the Boasian
Research Program -- Challenging Unilinear Cultural Evolution -- Cultural Relativism -- Culture Areas -- Salvage Ethnography -- Patterns and Configurations of Culture -- Women's Dress Fashions -- Forgotten Geniuses -- Culture and Personality -- The Problem of Reductionism -- Community Studies --
Social Anthropology in Europe -- An Exception to Economic Man -- The Organization of Primitive Society -- Structural-Functionalism -- Summary -- Chapter 5: Contemporary Theory and Method -- Overview -- Modernity -- Cultural Evolution in a New Guise --
Social and Cultural Anthropology --
Social Structure and Totemism -- Ecological and Materialist Theories -- Postmodernity -- Late 20th -Century Debates -- Culture as Text -- Anthropological
Sciences vs. ...
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