Table of Contents “...7.6.1 Establishment of Performance Objectives 7.6.1.1 The Current Approach 7.6.1.2 The Rigorous Approach 7.6.2 Design Procedures 7.6.3 Evaluation Procedures 7.6.3.1 Analysis Methods 7.6.3.2 Modeling Criteria 7.6.3.3 Acceptability Criteria 7.6.4 Ground Motion Record Selection and Scaling 7.6.5 Peer Review Requirements 7.6.6 Instrumentation and Structural Health Monitoring 7.7 Conclusion References 8 Evaluation of Analysis Procedures for Seismic Assessment and Retrofit Design 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Analysis Procedures for Seismic Assessment and Design 8.2.1 Linear Analysis Procedure for Strength-Based Assessment and Design: Traditional Procedure for ''Linear Engineers'' 8.2.2 Nonlinear Analysis Procedures for Deformation-Based Seismic Assessment: A New Era in Earthquake Engineering 8.2.2.1 Reshaping Engineers' Minds for Nonlinear Seismic Behavior: From University Education to Professional Training 8.2.2.2 ''Linear Engineers'' Strikes Back: Fallacy of Equivalent Linear Response with a Fictitious Damping 8.2.2.3 Nonlinear Modeling and Acceptance Criteria in Deformation-Based Seismic Assessment 8.3 Rigorous Nonlinear Analysis Procedure: Nonlinear Response-History Analysis 8.4 Practice-Oriented Nonlinear Analysis Procedures Based on Pushover Analysis 8.4.1 Historical Evolution of Pushover Analysis: From ''Capacity Analysis'' to ''Capacity-and-Demand Analysis'' 8.4.2 Piecewise Linear Relationships for Modal Equivalent Seismic Loads and Displacements 8.4.3 Single-Mode Pushover Analysis: Piecewise Linear Implementation with Adaptive and Invariant Load Patterns 8.4.3.1 Adaptive Load or Displacement Patterns 8.4.3.2 Invariant Load Pattern 8.4.3.3 Load-Controlled Piecewise Linear Pushover-History Analysis 8.4.3.4 Displacement-Controlled Piecewise Linear Pushover-History Analysis 8.4.3.5 Estimation of Modal Displacement Demand: Inelastic Spectral Displacement 8.4.4 Multi-Mode Pushover Analysis 8.4.4.1 Modal Scaling 8.4.4.2 Single-Run Pushover Analysis with Invariant Combined Single-Load Pattern 8.4.4.3 Single-Run Pushover Analysis with Adaptive Combined Single-Load Patterns 8.4.4.4 Single-Run Pushover Analysis with Adaptive Combined Single-Displacement Patterns 8.4.4.5 Simultaneous Multi-Mode Pushover Analyses with Adaptive Multi-Mode Load Patterns: Adaptive Spectra-Based Pushover Procedure 8.4.4.6 Simultaneous Multi-Mode Pushover Analyses with Adaptive Multi-Mode Displacement Patterns: Incremental Response Spectrum Analysis (IRSA) 8.4.4.7 Individual Multi-Mode Pushover Analysis with Invariant Multi-Mode Load Patterns: Modal Pushover Analysis (MPA) 8.5 Concluding Remarks References 9 Reflections on the Rehabilitation and the Retrofitof Historical Constructions 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Damage Caused by Recent Earthquakes in Old Buildings and Monumental Structures 9.3 The Cases in Portugal: Lisbon and Azores 9.3.1 The ''Pombaline'' Construction 9.3.2 The Traditional Construction in the Azores 9.3.2.1 Characterization of Buildings 9.4 Strengthening Techniques 9.4.1 The Pombaline Construction 9.4.2 Rehabilitation in the Azores 9.4.3 What to Do 9.5 Final Notes References 10 Engineers Understanding of Earthquakes Demand and Structures Response 11 Current Trends in the Seismic Design and Assessment of Buildings 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Seismic Design of Buildings 11.2.1 The Direct Displacement-Based Approach 11.2.1.1 Step 1: Target Displacement Pattern and Equivalent SDOF System 11.2.1.2 Step 2: Estimation of Effective Damping of SDOF System 11.2.1.3 Step 3: Calculate Design Base Shear 11.2.1.4 Step 4: Lateral Force Analysis 11...”
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